Even this simple task can have a big impact on crop health, productivity, and yields though! Most importantly, growers need to choose the right pot to make sure that roots do not become restricted. Each type of plant and grower will have their own preferences, but there are some basic tips and guidelines to be aware of, especially for newer growers.
Effects of Root Restriction
Roots compete with themselves
Reduced leaf, seed, and flower production; crop yield decrease
Poor water utilization and drought stress
Poor nutrient uptake and utilization
Oxygen uptake and diffusion decreased
Photosynthetic rates decline
Growth hormone production is inhibited
Delayed maturation and floral growth
Avoiding Transplant Shock
Plants go into some degree of shock when they are transplanted. This is normal, but when a plant dies, as a result, it is called "transplant shock." Here are some tips that can help you avoid transplant shock.
Start with healthy plants that have a good root system established
The seedling phase is the ideal time to transplant most plants
Transplant during cool weather
Avoid disturbing roots as much as possible and try not to rip off any
Water plants with care after transplanting
Remove only dead plant material and don't prune right before or right after transplanting
When to Transplant Short-Day Plant Clones
Most clones are ready for transplanting after about ten days of growth. The short-day plant at this stage has usually sprouted 4-5 sets of leaves and has visible roots. You will want to use a pot that is large enough for the mature plant's root system (or plan on transplanting a second time). This prevents plants from getting “root bound,” which is a condition that can make the plant very sick.
How to Transplant Established Clones
Prepare enough containers for all the clones by filling them with uniform amounts of loose and slightly moist soil. When working in teams it is very important that everyone is consistent in how much soil they are using. They need to be sure that they are not compressing the soil too much. If that happens, you can end up with different soil volumes which will result in different irrigation needs!
Other Transplanting and Potting Tips and Tricks
Use fresh soil for each plant, old soil can harbor pests, pathogens, and nutrient residues
Clean and sanitize pots before use or use a new container for each plant
Be sure that containers will allow for drainage to avoid waterlogging (drowning) the roots
Estimate container size of 2-gallons per 12 inches of the anticipated plant height
Use black or light-proof pots to keep light away from roots to prevent very unusual growth, and deter pathogens and algae
Use good soil that will not compact easily, retains moisture but drains the water, and is appropriate for your nutrient plan